Universe for little kids

PROLOGUE It was around 2008 one sunny day Iwas out in the book shop looking for some good books to read.Eventhough the trend of reading books in fast decline .But iam sticking to my old gun its been almost 25 years since I started to have a passion for books.But now a days the virtual world is engulfing the real world in alarming rate..and its pretty hard to predict where we going to end. Let me come back to my story ….I was inside a book store a well known book store chain in Malaysia I was going through many books going through a rack to rack.Finaly for my amusement I found Mark Garlicks book …and the cover page read expanding universe so after flipping through the few pages which gave a me a rapid glan ce in to the contents of the ,with out a second thought I bought the boo gang never regret for that. There are thousands of astrophysists around world working tirelessly to understand the universe and its existence and creation. The modern sophisticated technology and the instruments helped us a lot to shed light in the know. But understanding astronomy is not easy as selling cakes for this one must have the passion and time. Ou r quest for understanding our existence in this world and heavenly worlds presence always bothered us and for few thousand years we never understood it all.But atleast now we are in the eara we can understand part of the mindboggling vastness of the universe. The book which I bought in Selayang really helped me to understand some of the complex events that is the evertdays or every moments of our universe. It is every important for the educated persons responsibility to understand atleast the basic.things and the natural phenomena around us including heavenly bodies above us . After reading that book it was on mind that I must try to help others this natural phenomena in a very simpler for so that there would not be any room for confusion. I hope that My article will be very useful for the beginners .as Iam trying to narrate It in a very simpler form.If there are any errors or if any one find it deemed to be unfit or irreverent it would be great pleasure for me to correct my self. I would assure that I have not taken any online contents to confuse the readers. The Universe That we Know Our universe is too big and it is very hard for the primitive human brain to comprehend it .When we peer deeper and deeper in to the space with the help of the telescopes like hubble and other radio telescopes we have realized that there are billions of galaxies around and each of them housing around 100 billion stars.The distance beween them sounds unrealistic.so to make it easier we count the distance between them in light years.That means the distance the light travels in a year. Our nearest Star behond the sun is alpha cetuari to reach this with the current fastest speed of the rockets it takes 40000 years.if this distance is reduced to SIZE of grain wheat the further Arround us every where you find stars ,galaxies ,galaxy clustersets etc The stars we see in the night sky belongs to our native galaxy where we live which is Milk way. One or two smudgy patches that appear in the sky are galaxies. Andromeda It’s a gigantic island of stars ant it is furthest largest object that we can see .Andromeda is 1 2.9 million years and it is more than 100 thousand light years across. that means from one end of the galaxy to other end light takes 1000 years. Planets Before last few centuries be we thought there are only 8 planets. but with the help of the currently available telescopes ,radio telescopes,and also by observing the brightness of the stars and itd variations we found out that that is attributed to the planet that transits the star and that causes slight variation ,by critically analising the brightness during the transit scientist could calculate how big is the palanet.its probably exists through out the universe.smaller planets are called terrestrial planets and they have a solid surface.the larger planets are gas giants.they are Jupiter Uranus and Neptune. Stras There are plenty of planets going around the stars.they are really very massive. Star Formation The small stars are calle d Drwfs among them red dwarf the temperature is around 4000 ``centegrasw At the highest end of stars are the blue giats .they are really massivethey are extremely rare and expetinally hot with the surface temperature of more than 50,000degres .However all these stars burns in a same way ,but when they get older they undergo some astonishing changes .But it it depends on the mass of the star.More massive stars burns fuell very quickly and when there is no more hydrogen is there for the nuclear fusion the star collapses so quickly resulting in a supermassive explosion and we call it as supernova.resulting in a black hole.we do not know much about the black hole but it devours everything and even the light cant escape from it. But our sun is a medium sized star and it eventually begins to die by increasing its size and becominga stellar nonster.and when it becomes a red giant our earth would swallowed by sun.This stage is followed by collapse and death leaving behing a tiny dwarf which is 100 time s smaller than the conventional star. Nuclear fusion The main ingredients of the stars are hydrogen. If the hydrogen fuel burns like a normal fuel what we use here in earth the life of the star does not last billion of years. but here is the catch,for an example almost 99 % of our solar system’s material is accumulated in Sun and only .7 % left for Planets .The material what sun has is tremendous.the weight exerted by the material on the sun puts tremendous pressure on centre of its core that results in the fusion of two hydrogen atoms in to heliem during this process enormous amount of energy is released .That is the energy we get from Sun in the form of heat and light. The suns presence is very important for the survival of all the living beings .the energy come from in the form of heat and is very important ,where plants use sunlight and co2 for the photosynthesis the food we eat the fuel we burn all are from its amazing right? Nebulae The clouds of dust and gas are called nebula It is the hugee reservoir of Hydrogen and helium. How massive they are ? how big they are the answer as to do with the euipmentts they use but important clues also comes come from the way which the astronomical objects behave and intract. The basic activity any one can do is watch the objects and caluculatehow thw light level changes over the period of time this method we call it as photometry .If a star changes brightness over a period of time with regulr intervals this could be a sign of planet rotating it The fascination for the astronomy triggered by galileos invention of telescope it was the first telescope with refracting telescope containing two lensesthat refracted or bent the light entered it.qnd in 20 th century astronomy witnessed remarkable advancement with the radio telescope .for the further study hubble telescope was launched in 1990 Spectroscopy: As useful it is ,phometry nevertheless has its limits a more powerf techniue isspectroschopy The light is passed through a narrow slits and spits by this nethon one can observe the spectral line . A particular element absorbs light ,at its own particular range these likes Another future of spectoroscopeis that cab rekieve Nebulae The clouds of dust and gas are called nebula It is the hugee reservoir of Hydrogen and helium. Nebulae The clouds of dust and gas are called nebula It is the hugee reservoir of Hydrogen and helium.